Safety training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Safety training - Essay Example Although Pro's Choice conducted safety and health training program for its employees using videos, posters, and pamphlets, safety and health practices may not have been seriously implemented by both management and employees. It may also be that the training methods chosen were not suited for those being trained, thereby little learning was achieved and implementation of supposedly learned practices failed. Another reason would be that the working environment at Pro's Choice has also not been provided as free from hazards as evidenced by the OSHA citations and fine for a serious infraction. This is indicative of Pro's Choice lack of commitment to safety and health for its employees, which may be the reason why supervisor safety warnings are joked about as a band-aid procedure. Firstly, management commitment to occupational safety and health should be established, especially since there are government laws that companies have to comply with. Moreover, the lack of management commitment will eventually be costly for the company as it may result in additional medical costs for injured employees, government sanctions for violations and infractions, and deterioration of company image as a good place to work.

My Personal Aspirations Essay Example for Free

My Personal Aspirations Essay When you aspire for your future career, one must consider the important factors that lead to that. Each of these is an important component towards the achievement of success and the necessary foundation towards competence. With all of these mentioned, I believe that a course in Microbiology is an important determinant towards my future profession as a pharmacist. In the end, with this subject I can obtain the necessary skills needed towards addressing the challenges of my future major. Looking closely at the subject, there are many facets in microbiology that I can extract and use in my pharmacy major. One important contribution of such subject is its relative contribution in the overall development of my profession. Since the course deals with the study of organisms, it is an important benchmark towards creating an understanding of how dispensing of medicines can be made – one of the responsibilities of a pharmacist. In addition, the course can serve as an avenue for learning the importance of organisms in the overall development of life. Bio News mentions that microbiology is â€Å"concerned with the welfare of humankind, concentrating not only on aspects of host-microbial interactions influencing disease and immunity, but also on ecological concerns impacting food production and the environment† (p. 1). By establishing a good foundation of this subject, I believe that I can efficiently cater and tackle the needs of pharmacy. Now, I wish to point out what I wish to absorb and develop at the end of the course. The first thing that I want to accomplish in this is to create an understanding of how microorganisms develop and its relative characteristics. By establishing on these precepts, I can then branch out on its other subfields. By studying the form, physiology, and its other facets, I can adequately explore its other branches such as mycology, bacteriology and other (Bio News, p. 1). Also, I want to determine how an understanding in microbiology can lead towards the creation of new and improved ways of delivering cure to diseases. With the constant enhancement of today’s technology, better avenues for cure are becoming more available. In time, there has been an increased understanding among microbiologists of how to create and diagnose bacteria and viruses accordingly (Bio News, p. 1). Due to this, by better appreciating the conditions of how a particular bacterium operates, necessary adjustments can be made. Moreover, I want to personally grow under this course. By the end of this, I wish that I can be able to have the necessary skills to determine what bacteria create diseases and what others contribute to bodily functions. In addition, I want to have at least a familiarization as to what particular organism or bacteria affect a particular part of the body. Bio News furthers that â€Å"Microbiology is responsible for identifying infectious agents in blood, urine, sputum, feces, cerebrospinal fluid, and other body fluids† (p. 1) By familiarizing myself with these concepts and how they affect each processes, only then can I pursue the skills to cope with my pharmacy degree. Lastly, I aspire to learn how to cultivate bacteria to suit my needs as a pharmacist in the future. By taking up microbiology, I can differentiate different types of bacterium and how it affects every organism in the environment. Moreover, I can actively point out the relevant catalysts and how each one can contribute to the creation or degradation of various organisms within a particular ecosystem. Bio News mentions that â€Å"these bacteria are important to humans because they play a role in the ecology of life, by decomposing wastes, both natural and man-made, for example and created nitrogen fertilizer at the root zones of certain crops† (p. 1). Surely, can greatly impact on how I practice my major. After putting my expectations in the subject, I wish to correlate it on my future major which is pharmacy. By having a background in microbiology, I can better exhaust the capabilities and horizons of the pharmaceutical profession. Since the overall goal of such profession is to provide adequate levels of dosage in medicine, having a firm and solid background about the subject can help pave the way for cure among patients in the health care system. By appreciating the two subjects relationship, only then can students taking up a pharmacy major fully comprehend and use all these relevant skills. Also, having knowledge about microbiology can cultivate better relationships among patients. It must be understood that the role of such profession does not only revolve on issues surrounding facilitating cure via compounding medicines. On the other hand, pharmacists play a more active role towards creating betterment for patients. PILLS argues that â€Å"pharmacists not only educate consumers on medication use, but also monitor their patients health to ensure that the patient is getting the full benefits of the drug† (p. 1). To conclude, the microbiology subject can greatly influence and serve as a catalyst for my major in pharmacy. It serves as a tool and a foundation towards better understanding of the scientific explanation for the occurrence of things. Having this background in mind, I can better compound medicine and be a better pharmacist for patients. As PILLS argue, â€Å"from direct patient care and guidance to the forefront of pharmaceutical research, pharmacy caters to many fields† (p. 1). With all of these, having the adequate background and skills can catapult me towards attaining my dreams and fulfilling my role towards patients. Thus, the course in microbiology is an important stepping stone towards a successful career as a pharmacist.

Happiness: John Stuart Mill vs Immanuel Kant :: Utilitarianism Essays

Happiness. People go to any means by which to obtain the many varied materials and issues that induce pleasures in each individual, and intrinsically, this emotion remains the ultimate goal, John Stuart Mill, a nineteenth century philosopher, correctly advocated the pursuit of happiness, and maintained the concept that above all other values, pleasure existed as the final destination, Mill's hedonistic views correctly and rationally identified a natural human tendency, and his Utilitarian arguments strongly support the theory that above all else, happiness is the most important dream to be fulfilled. Upon researching for this paper, I came across a counter argument, which was based on metaphysics. Immanuel Kant, in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, defends his strong beliefs in the issue of a good will, and surfaces as MM's chief opponent on the topic of metaphysics, The issue diminishes to a clash between emotions and pleasures ve rses rationality and logic. Yet, what use is logic when the good agent is miserable? Mill's stance within Utilitarianism exists as the more favorable of the two beliefs, for happiness exist as the one intrinsically favorable element, not an emotionless mind. The main defender of the Utilitarian system exists within the Greatest happiness Principle. Mill lived as a chief advocate of this concept, which supports the idea that a decision is morally correct as long as it increases and encourages pleasures and happiness. Kant, however, in his endless quest to remain separate from emotions and thrive only on logic, would argue that autonomy should be placed above happiness in a list of intrinsic values. A good will, however, does not comfort an individual in any way if happiness does not accompany this asset, Consider this example of a seemingly happily married couple. The wife in this duo is madly in love with her husband fiercely loyal, and completely happy with her marriage and children. The husband, however, as wrongfully strayed, and had a brief, but damaging affair behind his wife's back. Kant would argue that autonomy reigns over pleasure, and the woman should therefore want to be informed of her husband's adultery, Mill would greatly disagree. By revealing the secret of the past affair, the woman's happy world would be instantly shattered. Her pride would diminish, her stability would fall apart, and the children especially would be forced to view a nasty side of their beloved father. In this case, individual control is greatly overshadowed by the need for happiness. The husband is no longer acting unfaithful and the family can easily continue to live in a happy realm, If the secret were to

The Great City of Calicut

The Great City of Calicut Located on the Malabar (southwestern) Coast of India was its port city of Calicut. Calicut, Kozhikode, was the capitol of a state which served as an important, if not the most important, state in the region in which it lay. Although Calicut lay on the coast, there was no place along its shore deep enough for ships to anchor. Still, as early as the fourteenth century, Calicut conducted a considerable amount of trade.According to the primary sources of Ibn Battuta, Ma Huan, and an annonymous crew member of Vasco da Gama’ s, Calicut flourished as a center of trade because of their resources and trade systems, among other factors, making lasting impressions on these and other foreign visitors. In the account recorded in the Roteiro (Logbook), of Vasco da Gama’s anonymous crew member, various resources of Calicut were given. Calicut was a supplier and producer of several desired spices, including ginger, pepper, and the cinnamon-like spice, cassia.B y the fifteenth century, Calicut had established a system for cultivating pepper. Among spices that were brought to Calicut and traded with other countries were cloves from the island of Melqua and true cinnamon from Cillion. In addition to their natural resources, the people of Calicut created and sold silk. Once the silk was acquired from the silkworm, it was boiled, dyed, then weaved into kerchiefs. Not only was Calicut admired for their resources, but Calicut established trade regulations among foreign countries that was both respected and appreciated.For example, Moroccan traveler-ambassador Ibn Battuta chronicled in his ribla (around 1356), book of travels, that when a ship wrecked along the Malabar Coast, all items from the ship were taken to the treasury. However, in Calicut, the owner of the wreckage was permitted to recollect his items. Merchants appreciated this, thus attracting further business. This policy was strategic of Calicut in that although they did not gain an i mmediate profit from the wrecked ships, long-term, trade efficiency increased, ultimately benefitting Calicut even more.In Chinese Muslim Ma Huan’s book, The Overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores, published in 1451, he gives a detailed description of Calicut’s trading process. Once a vessel arrived in Calicut, two chiefs were appointed to it to oversee transactions. The king of Calicut sends a chief, an accountant, and a broker to inspect the accountant books. After a date is chosen to fix prices, the price of each good brought to trade to Calicut is fixed, a description, much like a receipt, is given to both parties.Next, the chief, the accountant, and the commander of the visiting ship all shake hands and agree to never retract or change the price fixed for the goods. Then the accountant and wealthy men bring riches to be assessed and priced. This process takes between one and three days. This description shows that because Calicut had such a high volume of tra de, a system was developed and practiced to a â€Å"T† in order to maintain trade efficiency. This also assured that no one was cheated out of goods/money.According to the accounts of the above travelers, the development of Calicut was aided in part by their natural resources and trading systems and regulations. Chief among other factors as to why Calicut was so significant is that it served as a trading route, allowing duties to be paid to the Sultan. However, during these times, the state of Calicut was in religious divide. The king and the people were Hindu, while the chiefs were Muslim. Although the two religions respected each other, this divide may have been seen as weakness among foreigners, which may have ultimately contributed to the decline of Calicut.

Famous Names in American Literature

30 Famous Names in American Literature Though the history of American literature is comparatively not so long, it has given the world many outstanding literary names. Washington Irving was the first US writer to gain an international reputation. In 1819 he published his volume of stories with such classic American stories as the â€Å"Legend of Sleepy Hollow† and â€Å"Rip Van Winkle†. Only 2 years after another American writer began to attract attention – James Fenimore Cooper, the first major US writer of novels. F Cooper was influenced by the social ideas of the age of Enlightenment. His best – known book is â€Å"The Last of the Mohicans†.Samuel Clemens who wrote under the pen name Mark Twain is undoubtedly well -known all over the world. This famous humorous writer of the 19th century is best known for the novels â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer† and â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn†. The â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† h as been called the greatest novel in American literature. Jack London is a famous writer of adventure stories and novels. Before starting to write he worked as a sailor and went to the Klondike to look for gold. Both experiences he used in his books. His best-known novels include â€Å"The Call of the Wild†, â€Å"The Sea – Wolf† and â€Å"White Fang†. Also read The Story of an Eyewitness Essay AnalysisWilliam Porter, usually known as O'Henry is one of my favorite authors. He wrote short humorous stories which usually ended with a surprise. More than 300 of them were collected in â€Å"Cabbages and Kings†, â€Å"The Voice of the City† and other volumes. Other famous names in American Literature worth mentioning are Ernest Hemingway (he received the Nobel Prize for â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea†), Ray Bradbury, a prominent American science fiction writer of â€Å"The Martian Chronicles†, Edgar Poe, the inventor of the modern detective story, Henry Longfellow, most popular American poet.

William Burghardt DuBois and Black Equality essays

William Burghardt DuBois and Black Equality essays The struggle for social and economic equality of Black people in America has been long and slow. It is sometimes amazing that any progress has been made in the racial equality arena at all; every tentative step forward seems to be diluted by losses elsewhere. For every "Stacey Koons" that is convicted, there seems to be a Texaco executive waiting to send Blacks back to the past. Throughout the struggle for equal rights, there have been courageous Black leaders at the forefront of each discrete movement. From early activists such as Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and W.E.B. DuBois, to 1960s civil rights leaders and radicals such as Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, and the Black Panthers, the progress that has been made toward full equality has resulted from the visionary leadership of these brave individuals. This does not imply, however, that there has ever been widespread agreement within the Black community on strategy or that the actions of prominent Black leaders have met with strong support from those who would benefit from these actions. This report will examine the influence of two "early era" Black activists: Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois. Through an analysis of the ideological differences between these two men, the writer will argue that, although they disagreed over the direction of the struggle for equality, the differences between these two men actually enhanced the status of Black Americans in the struggle for racial equality. We will look specifically at the events leading to and surrounding the "Atlanta Compromise" in 1895. In order to understand the differences in the philosophies of Washington and Dubois, it is useful to know something about their backgrounds. Booker T. Washington, born a slave in 1856 in Franklin County, Virginia, could be described as a prag matist. He was only able to attend school three months out of the year, with the remaining nine months spent working in coal mines. He develo...

Fiction Writing Tips

Fiction Writing Tips Writing fiction is an art that is learned over time. One learns to write stories by writing and reading all the fiction writing tips that they can find. A good writer tends to be very observant of their surroundings and reads everything they can get their hands on. And most of all, they carve out a designated time every single day to write. Here is some fiction writing tips that any writer needs to know in order to produce a believable fiction that readers will enjoy reading. Fiction Writing Tip #1: Plot and character development. A good story will have a series of events that connect and unfold in a chronological order. Keep it tightly controlled without allowing it to stray off course in order to keep the readers interested. They’ll keep reading to see how all the different points in the story connect at the end. Fiction Writing Tip #2: Create memorable characters. The reader has to actually feel that the character could possibly be an actual person before they can identify with your story. Using dialogue, actions and thoughts to define the character for the readers. The reader should be able to create the image and idea of who your character is through their speech, mannerisms and thoughts rather than have every single detail spelled out for them. Fiction Writing Tip #3: Without proper setting the reader is likely to get lost in the story. The writer needs to be able to weave the setting by using atmosphere, location and mood into the story line. This way the reader stays grounded by knowing where the story is taking place and what the general atmosphere is like. Fiction Writing Tip #4: Make dialogue realistic and close to real life. However, this is one of the trickier fiction writing tip. If dialogue is made to mirror true life too much, it will make for a boring and tedious read. Use dialogue to describe characters, show personality and even to project events. Fiction writing tips show that interesting dialogue will grab a reader and carry them through the story. Don’t try to get too creative with dialect or slang especially with the main characters for this can slow down the story too much. It is good fiction writing tips to show the character by using varying forms of dialogue to show the character but too much of it can slow things down dramatically. Fiction Writing Tip #5: Establish point of view. Decide how the story is going to be told; if it’s going to be in third person or first person, you need to make that decision before you ever set pen to paper. Certain stories have to stay on a certain track depending on how the point of view is determined. First person has to be told strictly from the first person point of view, which means it’s basically all about the main character. Third person allows for the actions of all the characters but limits the narrator from describing the inner thoughts or feelings about them. Fiction Writing Tip #6: Craft your own writing style. It’s basically how the writer decides to tell the story. Short concise sentences that make strong statements are desirable. Avoid getting too wordy and fanatical about the English language. The smoother the story flows, the easier it will be for the reader to read along with it. These fiction writing tips are good for any writer to know and utilize in their craft. By following these simple fiction writing tips, one can create a successful story that everyone will enjoy reading.

11 Unethical Interview Questions You Dont Need to Answer

11 Unethical Interview Questions You Dont Need to Answer Yes, it’s an interview and you’re trying your best to be a people-pleaser. But that doesn’t mean letting someone ask you information that’s off-limits. Sometimes â€Å"innocent† questions about your hobbies and your kids can just  feel like small talk, but are secretly a trap to get you to divulge information that could affect your chances. Asking certain things outright can be considered discrimination and is explicitly not allowed by government regulation.Be vigilant for the following 11  unethical interview  questions and have a swerve answer prepared.  The best rule of thumb? If there’s a question that doesn’t seem relevant to your duties or performance or how well you’d fit into the company or role, dodge it.1. â€Å"What does your husband/wife do?†Some states actively prohibit discrimination on the grounds of marital status. These types of questions are usually asked in order to discriminate against women, w ho might become pregnant or have child care concerns that single candidates wouldn’t. Avoid answering anything that seems to assess whether you have a spouse at all.2. â€Å"Are you pregnant?†First of all, it’s rude to ask. Second, refer to the above. Any question of your kids, your plan to eventually have kids, or your childcare routines are to be avoided for the same reasons.3. â€Å"Do you have a disability that might interfere with your job performance?†(Or anything about a disability or a pattern of illness, i.e. sick days, workers’ comp claims, mental health problems, etc.) These might seem like valid questions, but it is illegal to ask any questions which would reveal the existence of a disability before the job offer is made.4. â€Å"Have you ever been arrested?†Again, some states explicitly prohibit this. And in some cases, questions like these are used to discriminate against minority candidates- which is even worse than just discr iminating against felons, and actually illegal.5. â€Å"What year did you graduate?†This is a sneaky way of figuring out your age. And age discrimination is not a good thing. It’s been federally prohibited since 1967 (at least as applied to people over the age of 40). Bottom line: you don’t ever have to disclose your age.6. â€Å"Are you in a union?†You have a right to join a union and it is not okay to try and prohibit you from doing so. You should not be questioned about your union membership or intention to acquire one, so don’t answer any questions that could give that information out.7. â€Å"Would you take a genetic test?†It is totally illegal to ask you for genetic information, as of 2008. It is also illegal to ask about your family members. You are not in any way required to take any test or give your potential employer any information about your genes.8. â€Å"Where is your name from?†These questions are aimed at figuring out your ethnic background. Other questions like this are â€Å"What other languages do you speak?† or â€Å"What was your first language?† Racial discrimination is to be frowned upon. Don’t be a party to it.9.â€Å"Where do you worship?†Or: â€Å"What days do you worship?† This might be evidence of your employer trying to figure out what your faith is. They might be legitimately curious on a personal level, but you are not required to- nor should you- say. It could be a potential means of religious discrimination- and illegal according to the Civil Rights Act.10. â€Å"Will you take a polygraph?†Most employers are federally not allowed to ask you to take a lie detector test as a condition of employment- or to be fired, not hired, or disciplined for refusing. You can thank the Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 for this.11. â€Å"What do you currently make?†There’s a new equal pay law in Massachusetts that makes asking this illegal. But you’re not required to answer it anywhere else either! Try pivoting instead with a line like, â€Å"I’d prefer to discuss money a little later; right now I’m just interested in whether this is a good fit for both of us. I’m sure we’re on the same page.†

Film language elements of a movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film language elements of a movie - Essay Example On the contrary, Tom gets tired of Mamie and starts dating with the flamboyant Gwen. Tom surprises his mother by his wealth. His mother and straight forward brother, Mike, disapprove of his career choices. The battle of moral between the brothers culminates in a dinner table (Greatest Films, n.d.). Because Nathan, Tom, and Matt pursued lives full of crimes, they ended up dying out of crime. The mise-en-scene has been planned well. Tom brings a keg to celebrate Mike’s return from war. The beer displays Tom’s lifestyle. At dinner, Tom takes the head seat of the table, in his mother’s opposite direction. The mother has to hoist her neck in order to see her son beyond the keg. Cinematography has influenced the believability of the film. In the grapevine scene, Tom shocks his girlfriend by slapping her with the grapes. The development of the movie, including the episode where Tom places a keg of beer on the table and Mike getting infuriated by Tom’s display of illegally acquired wealth as he denounces him helps bring a clear picture of the cinema. Matt gets shot and dies in front of Tom in stakeout. Tom avenges his friend’s death by going to the opponents’ gang headquarters and opens fire. He overpowers them; however, he sustains injuries from gunshots and gets hospitalized. His mother jubilates upon hearing that her son has reformed and would join them. Later, Mike answers a door knock only to find Tom, murdered and buttressed up in the doorway (Bould 41). Other scenes include Tom and Matt appearing in expensive tailor made clothes and dancing with beautiful women after acquiring a lot of wealth through illegal business. Several outbu rsts of violence receive good production attention. They include the shooting of Putty Nose and the scene where Matt and Tom shoot the horse that fell killing Nathan, their crime boss. Sound has been used to bring various effects in the film. Both the human sounds, gunshots and music played in the film

Regina Carter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Regina Carter - Assignment Example With her album, Regina Carter pays tribute to her grandfather who worked as a coalminer in Alabama and whom he never saw (â€Å"Violin Virtuoso Regina Carter†). The entire album is the mix of folk jazz, contemporary jazz, gospel, country music, spirituals, blues and R&B. Personally for me, the most striking and interesting pieces appeared to be I’m Goin’ Home, See See Rider, and Trampin’; they impressed me greatly. The melody of I’m Goin’ Home reminded of a traditional spiritual. The piece started with the guitar party which was then picked up by accordion. The piece reminded of a spiritual because of its emotional coloring and the way the instruments, guitar, accordion, and violin, reflected longing and even homage. The piece was performed moderato, and such a choice of tempo created the feeling of spaciousness. In the piece titled See See Rider Regina Carter used elements of country music. In fact, it was the melody that reminded of some rural song. The main thing that defined the piece as jazz was the rhythm. More specifically, the piece was characterized by syncopation and swung notes. However, the most notable was the second part of See See Rider because of the soloist’s masterful improvisation. Trampin’ was the piece that impressed me most of all. It was so because of its funky and greasy character. It is possible to say that there were two lines in the piece. The first line was comprised of the parties of drums, guitar and recorded vocal party, and the second was the actual party of the soloist. The piece was also energetic because of the great number of syncopations and swung notes characteristic of blues. Overall, the jazz concert was the best I had ever attended. First of all, music itself was so sophisticated and full of emotional honesty. Secondly, performance was amazing as well. Not only the soloist, Regina Carter

Four Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Four Questions - Essay Example b) Secondly, people who have collective social values are mostly from families or groups with similar social values which either defer to the wishes of the groups or families and also there is a strong influence on the decision making process. People tend to correlate lesser and the work values of people who value individualism and make their own occupational choices. c) There are no constraints for the occupational decision – making process when the individual cultural values are taken into consideration. The decisions taken by people who believe in individualism are generally more important transition points like the graduations from school. These people tend to act on the decisions made more than people who are either collectivism or individualism and more focused on being or being – in – becoming. a) Genetic Endowment and Special Abilities: It has been recognised by Krumboltz that there are certain inherited characteristics which can influence the individuals to a great extent. Examples of these include, race, gender, physical appearance and others like intelligence, musical abilities or even physical coordination. b) Environmental Conditions and Events: These are external forces that influence peoples’ choices. However these play a very important role in the decision making process. Some of these influences are man made while others are natural sources. c) Learning Experiences: Also the experiences that people gain from education and life are both a major part of the decision making process of careers. There are two main types of learning experiences that can be gained, a) Instrumental which are when the individuals act on the environment to produce certain consequences and b) Associative Learning Experience which is more based on external stimuli and gained by pairing two events in time or

Money Transactions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Money Transactions - Essay Example While focusing specifically on the transactions demand of money, this paper is aimed at examining the relationship between the interest rate and money demand in the context of a general assumption held by the financial experts that the transactions demand for money may be interest elastic. In this regard the issues related with the interest elasticity of transactions demand for money are discussed to have deep understanding of the issue. In order to find out the evidences about the interest elasticity of the transactions demand for money it is imperative to have deep understanding of the concept of transactions demand for money and its relationship with interest rate within a market. The transactions demand for money could be denoted by M or Lt that refers to the volume of money that is required to meet the financial expenditures. The equation of exchange is a crucial element for the transactions demand of money. According to the equation of exchange M * v = P * Y. In this equation the Lt or M stands for the transactions demand for money, v is the velocity of the money, P refers to the GDP deflator whereas Y represents the real income. The relationship between the transactions demand fo... ionship between the transactions demand for money and the interest rate possesses great important from the perspective that states that there is a pressure to economize on one's transactional case balance and this pressure is originated from the rate of interest. The holders of the transactions money used to buy bonds and also pay fee and brokerage services and as a result they expect high return on their money due to interest rate. In a market the higher is the interest, the more people get as a final return for their money. Due to this reason most of the households use the transaction money to get benefit from the high rates of interest and for this purpose they make investments in bonds etc. (Nouriel Backus, p6, 1998) The relationship between transaction money demand and interest rates has been a major concern for the economists for a long period of time. The transactions demand is believed to be interest elastic because the interest rate and the transactions demand are closely linked with each other. The holder of the cash strived to take maximum benefit from the money he holds and in such situation the equilibrium balance of money is held. In the transactions demand of money the holder has to deal with the Marginal cost as well as with the Marginal revenues. The marginal cost is the interest that has to be certainly paid by the holder and the marginal revenue is the psychological interest rate that is earned by the holder of money due to overcoming the worries that he might face about non having cash money in hand. It is believed by he economists that the more income a person earns, the more cash he might holds and more he became in a position to afford the loss of interest (Robert, p2, 2007). There are two important implications associated with interest

Changing the Mind and Group Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Changing the Mind and Group Dynamics - Essay Example When working with a collaborative group of people, it is important to recognize that everyone brings a different type of intelligence to the table as well as everyone’s cognitive processes do not work the same. Therefore, the leadership role has to be competent in addressing all the unique ideas that are brought to the project. Gardner talks about â€Å"changing minds† or rather getting them on the same page. Unification through principle and idea is necessary for us to reach a common goal, therefore it relies on the ability to compromise between those that are more theory-oriented and the more realistic thinkers in order to achieve a goal that is believed to be common among everyone. Q2) The six factors that Gardner describes are: reason, research, resonance, resources and rewards, representational redescriptions, and real-world events. I think that the two biggest factors that will influence our project, in particular, are resources and rewards, as well as research. . .. Using the 80/20 principle, in order to achieve a specific view, we make one side seem more favorable than the other in terms of the number of resources that it is going to take as well as how greater the rewards are. The rewards of the project (getting an A) are going to outweigh the resources (the work put into the project). In terms of the people reading the blog and website on CNG vs. electric, you want to show them that it is way more beneficial for them to drive an eco-friendly car because it is both environmentally and financially sound; compared to the current gas-powered one they drive now. Research is another extremely important factor. In order to get people to agree and work, there must be substantial information that has been collected in order to support your argument. For blog design, having numerous examples to draw on can help parties come to a conclusion as well as having the information to show the argument of CNG vs. electric when going green. When communicating th is to the population reading the blog, research is imperative. We are going to want to show that it is environmentally and financially sound. This can be done by showing carbon emission output of both vehicles and showing the pricing how in the end, a CNG or electric car will save a lot more money than a gas-powered vehicle. Q3) Resistance is a way that a person protects themselves from beliefs or feelings that the person perceives as incompatible with their own. It is based off many cognitive and social processes such as beliefs that the person already possesses, cultural and societal norms, patterns of behavior, and knowledge that is already possessed. Again, it is easy to explain resistance in terms of the person relying on the 50/50 principle.When a person is

Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Cold War - Essay Example The USSR needs to take a firm stand on the Afghan war. If we cannot, the war may be lost, and soon it will be difficult to contain the internal masses. If the war lasts for another four years, it will easily cripple our already fragile economy. It will be difficult to justify to the subjective masses why we sponsored the war without the necessary capacity to sustain and win it within acceptable time frames. Winning in the nearest future (perhaps one or two years) means that the USSR has to commit more resources to the war, on such a large scale as to beat President Reagan’s enormous funding. While such a move is relatively highly risky and a huge gamble, its success will be the ultimate prize. One serious and immediate concern for your leadership is the growing influence of the US in Western Europe. We understand that the United Kingdom and France are jointly building aerial interception centers and equipment for launching long-range missiles. In fact, our intelligence has gone beyond this public faà §ade and exposed the real reason why the centers are being built. These are centers for launching both ground and aerial attacks on the USSR and conduct aerial surveillance in the country. Without the possible option to bomb these centers down, for the obvious reason we feel we may not amicably bear the escalated consequences of such a move, it is important to set up a counter-station in Eastern Europe for our own protection. Recently, the US has shown greater willingness to engage us in a nuclear war.

Changing the Mind and Group Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Changing the Mind and Group Dynamics - Essay Example When working with a collaborative group of people, it is important to recognize that everyone brings a different type of intelligence to the table as well as everyone’s cognitive processes do not work the same. Therefore, the leadership role has to be competent in addressing all the unique ideas that are brought to the project. Gardner talks about â€Å"changing minds† or rather getting them on the same page. Unification through principle and idea is necessary for us to reach a common goal, therefore it relies on the ability to compromise between those that are more theory-oriented and the more realistic thinkers in order to achieve a goal that is believed to be common among everyone. Q2) The six factors that Gardner describes are: reason, research, resonance, resources and rewards, representational redescriptions, and real-world events. I think that the two biggest factors that will influence our project, in particular, are resources and rewards, as well as research. . .. Using the 80/20 principle, in order to achieve a specific view, we make one side seem more favorable than the other in terms of the number of resources that it is going to take as well as how greater the rewards are. The rewards of the project (getting an A) are going to outweigh the resources (the work put into the project). In terms of the people reading the blog and website on CNG vs. electric, you want to show them that it is way more beneficial for them to drive an eco-friendly car because it is both environmentally and financially sound; compared to the current gas-powered one they drive now. Research is another extremely important factor. In order to get people to agree and work, there must be substantial information that has been collected in order to support your argument. For blog design, having numerous examples to draw on can help parties come to a conclusion as well as having the information to show the argument of CNG vs. electric when going green. When communicating th is to the population reading the blog, research is imperative. We are going to want to show that it is environmentally and financially sound. This can be done by showing carbon emission output of both vehicles and showing the pricing how in the end, a CNG or electric car will save a lot more money than a gas-powered vehicle. Q3) Resistance is a way that a person protects themselves from beliefs or feelings that the person perceives as incompatible with their own. It is based off many cognitive and social processes such as beliefs that the person already possesses, cultural and societal norms, patterns of behavior, and knowledge that is already possessed. Again, it is easy to explain resistance in terms of the person relying on the 50/50 principle.When a person is

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Human Resource Management - Essay Example In a sense, all judgments or assessments which involve the personnel regarding the organization’s HRM activities. Despite the consequences of size (or subsistence attributes) of a recognized HRM or personnel department, the attributes implicated in HRM are convincing all the way through the organization. There are numerous assorted attributes concerned with HRM. Recruitment is in actual fact a method of translating extensive policies into prepared actions. The major task for the method normally rests with the HRM department, even though most duties are collective with line managers. HR managers are in charge for shaping recruitment course of action, making certain EEO observance, and training and appraising the recruiters. In addition numerous organizations for instance Merek, Coca-Cola dynamically engross line managers and employees as recruiters. As illustrated above proficient divergence between line managers and HR managers can take place when their preference differ. For case in point, line managers may be more anxious about confirmatory accomplishment guidelines and appointing objectives or employing with EEO rules. Based on HR plan, the organization has a moderately superior suggestion of its on the whole recruitment or rationalize requirements, on the other hand, this information must be prepared and communicated to others who will be taking the accomplishment (Bernardin and Russel, 1993). Recruitment is a structure that necessitates business standpoint, potential, skill to determine and consider the most exceptional possible applicant for the association, management, advertising skills (because to sell the place to the applicant) as well as thoughtful to line up the employment procedures for the advantage of the business. The Hunan Resource professionals treating the recruitment assignments of the association are continually looking innovative confronts. The most important confront for comparable professionals are to foundation or making

eBay, Incorporated Essay Example for Free

eBay, Incorporated Essay eBay Inc. was founded on 1995. The Company believes that the online commerce is a fast growing industry. For people to acknowledge and recognize eBays transactions, trust and credibility should be first established. It is also the goal of the Company to continuously provide opportunities to people. The Company’s scope is not only on a local basis, but also in national and international scopes. There are millions of items sold worldwide on the company’s online shopping sites. eBay is a fast growing company and since its conception, it has already added new companies to its family. The company bought PayPal in 2002, Skype in 2005, Shopping. com and Rent. com also in 2005. The company’s recent purchases are StubHub in February of 2007 and StumbleUpon also in 2007. Products and Services eBay serves as a marketplace where buyers and sellers meet for the sale, purchase and trading of goods and services. These goods and services vary from collectibles, electronic gadgets, computers, furniture, equipment, appliances and vehicles. Anything can be sold in their website for as long as it is not illegal and it complies with the Rules and Regulations set by the developers. Geographic Locations eBay has different locations all over the world. It has ten outlets in Asia Pacific. Ebay could be found in Australia, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan and India . In Europe, eBay has twelve branches, in Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. North America has only two branches, one in Canada and one in the United States of America. eBay also has an investment in Latin America, MarcoLibre. Size Bay Incorporated has a number of other ownerships, aside from eBay itself. The company owns PayPal, Skype, Shopping. com, Rent. com and Online Classifieds. It also called as the largest virtual shopping bazaar. The company is also open to investors who are interested in being part of the growing online trading industry. Investors could take part either through a Brokerage or a Financial Institution. Revenues Based on financial reports on eBay’s website, within the last twelve months the company’s sales reached $ 6. 8 billion and its income reached $ 1. billion. The net profit margin is 20. 39%, and its revenue per share is $ 4. 84. In July 18, 2007, the company announced that its net revenues for the second quarter reached $1. 83 billion, with a growth rate of 30%. The second quarter of this year was considered to be a good quarter for the company. The company’s Marketplace steadily increased its growth and expanded its margin, and so did its Payments. The eBay community and company believe that their honesty, openness, integrity and trust helped paved the way for their success.

Bosnian War Exploring Motives And Behaviour Of Perpetrators Criminology Essay

Bosnian War Exploring Motives And Behaviour Of Perpetrators Criminology Essay The main aim of this essay is to explore the motive, behaviour and policy of the perpetrators towards civilians and their enemy in the Bosnian Civil War from 1992 until 1995. The essay emphasizes common traits, behaviours of the perpetrators and identifies factors and elements that relate to their motives and aggression to commit mass killing and crimes against humanity. This essay will also explain the factors that drive people, who formerly co-habited harmoniously, to committing brutal acts of violence against their friends, neighbours and compatriots. The primary focus will be on three different ethnic groups in Bosnia during the conflict; the Serbs, the Bosnian Muslims and the Croats and the essay will focus more on the conflict between Serbs and Muslims. It will also focus upon violent acts committed by Serbs against Muslims; although as the war developed, Serbs also became victims of specific kinds of Croat and Muslim violence. Sometimes, it is difficult for scholars to determine the real reasons or motives that make ordinary people with no previous criminal record commit sudden brutal acts of violence. Focusing on the particular case of the ethnic conflict in Bosnia, this essay aims to demonstrate why behaviour and demeanour of the perpetrators of genocide and war crimes is important. This will help to highlight the personality of perpetrators and to illustrate the complexity of perpetrators behaviour and way of thinking. The perpetrator-focused research in Bosnia can be justified on a combination of moral, cognitive and practical grounds; it emphasizes the importance of circumstances as an explanation for perpetrator conduct; and suggests that Erwin Staubs concept of a continuum of destruction  [1]  reflecting the fact that a perpetrators behaviour can rapidly fluctuate between acts of cruelty and kindness.  [2]   The Bosnian Civil War was very complex and full of tragic events including the forced migration and killings of inhabitants based on their ethnicity, also known as ethnic cleansing. To achieve the objective on controlling territories, the perpetrators, usually with the full support from the largest ethnic group, violently displaced or killed members of other ethnic groups who stood in their way  [3]  . In all cases, assault on civilian populations was both an aim and instrument of war. The perpetrators included regular military, paramilitaries, militias, reservists, police, internal security forces or armed civilian group. The war in Bosnia was waged by ultranationalists who targeted civilians because they stood in the way of the idea of their national interest. This was achieved by ethnic cleansing, using violence and deportations of other ethnic communities who had previously lived together peacefully in Bosnia. For example, the Srebrenica massacre, the most infamous violent ac t by the perpetrators during the war, was described as the worst atrocity witnessed in the history of modern European world after the World War II  [4]  and the largest single war crime in Europe.  [5]   By demography, Bosnia is a multiethnic nation, in which there was no majority ethnic group. Out of the population of 4.4 million, Bosnian Muslims constituted 43.7 percent, Serbs constituted 31.4 percent, while Croats constituted 17.3 percent. Before the conflict erupted in 1992, Bosnia was an example of a harmonious society where Muslims, Serbs and Croats lived side by side, free of social subordination.  [6]  There had not been serious ethnic conflict after the World War II, and even though after the election in 1990 have made the ethnic relationship became more salient, the groups tried to resolve any conflict without any element of violence.  [7]  As a result, the vast majority of people in Yugoslavia co-existed in peace regardless of their ethnic or religious group. From one perspective, the war in Bosnia could be viewed as a clear-cut case of civil war which is an internal war among ethnic groups unable to agree on arrangements for sharing power. Similar to other civil wars, different parties who fought in this war had enjoyed substantial political and military backing from neighbouring states. The Serb and Croat paramilitaries involved volunteers from Serbia and Croatia, and were supported by nationalist political parties in those countries.  [8]  Although Bosnian independence was fully recognized by the United Nation, neither Serbia nor Croatia accepted the resolution. A further case could be made that the Bosnian Serb army was under the de facto control of the Yugoslav Army and Belgrade and was therefore an instrument of external aggression. A key factor to the conflict in Bosnia is the role of leaders as voices of extremism or nationalism. The attitude of Serbian leaders in Serbia and Bosnia played a crucial role in channelling the behaviour of ordinary Serbs against the Muslims and Croats. Shortly after the break-up of Yugoslavia, they led a nationalist movement, shape the progressions of events and made the decisions to lead the aggression against other ethnic groups. As an authority in the highest position, leaders could command the trust and obedience of their fellow ethnic, while the ordinary man could claim that there were just following orders from the authority.  [9]   Leaders in both Serbia and Croatia, sometimes aided by journalist, academics, and military organization, deliberately revived and exploited painful memories of the history of the former Yugoslavia in spreading the propaganda to create fear and hatred between ethnic groups. They exploited the brutality and atrocities among each other in the past especially in the Second World War and inflamed national sentiments between ethnic groups.  [10]  The Serb nationalist revival also led to intense public discussion of World War II about the atrocities of the Ustasha against Serbs. During 1980s, when tension among ethnic groups started to escalate, Serbs were often reminded about the massacres, betrayal, and continued hostility between Serbs, Croats and Muslims. In order to plant the seed of nationalism among fellow Serbs, Ustasha killings has been portrayed frequently in mass media, memoirs, plays, and history, and it became obvious when Milosevic ignited the fire of the Serbian nationali sm in everyday life especially on television.  [11]  Each side fears that they will be the victim of genocide if others gain political and military power in Bosnia and this reason has been justified by Serbian and Croatian nationalists to push their people into wars of self-defence.  [12]  Leaders of ethnic groups such as Franco Tudjman of Croatia, Alija Izetbegovic of Muslims, and Slobodan Milosevic and Radovan Karadzic of Serbia inflamed the sentiments on their people by taking several actions and implementing some policies which favoured on their side.  [13]  For example, Radovan Karadzic had warned the Bosnian government that if they choose independent, They will disappear. That people will disappear from the face of the earth.  [14]   In general, perpetrators are those who initiate, facilitate, or carry out acts of genocide or crimes against humanity. During the Bosnian conflict, the motive of the perpetrators could be classified into various categories. In order to eliminate what the respective perpetrators believed as a real or potential threat, as well as to spread terror among real or potential foes, mass killing and other atrocities were used.  [15]  It is quite difficult to fully understand the motives of the perpetrators because the individual and group changes that lead to increasingly vicious acts may become not only more comprehensible, but even seemingly natural. Perpetrators make many small and great decisions as they progress along the continuum of destruction. They choose leaders, adopt ideologies, create policies and plans, and engage in harmful and violent acts and their circumstances and characteristics move them in certain directions.  [16]   In order to facilitate the intention of expulsion or killing of other ethnic groups, military and paramilitary organizations were used as a common institutional structures. Such organizations enforce obedience, encourage conformity, provide training, desensitize their members responses to killing, and planted the ideology of the struggle to all member of the organization. All parties to the conflict in Bosnia are actually guilty of perpetrating abuse and violence, although to varying degrees. The main perpetrators of the abuses may vary from certain circumstances depending on which forces are in control in the particular territories. On the whole, however, the main aggressors have been the Serbian military and paramilitary forces. As the main offenders, they are in a position to inflict great damage and their policy of ethnic cleansing with the intention to dominate the whole Bosnia. For example, the infamous Arkans Tiger, one of the most ferocious Serbian paramilitary organizations which responsible for crimes committed to Muslims and Croats all across Bosnia, is a Belgrade-backed paramilitary organization where soldiers under his command brutally imprisoned, beat, raped, and executed non-Serb persons.  [17]  During the war, majority of the territory in Bosnia forcibly came under Serb domination and large segments of the Muslim population were either killed or expelled by paramilitary which actively participated in these operations in order to secure Serb control over territories.  [18]   While most of the Serbian perpetrators were conducted by a larger groups which is paramilitary or militia, the abuses attributable to Croats and Muslims were usually perpetrated by individual and do not associated with certain groups. Bosnian Croat and Muslims also found guilty of serious abuse of human right and crime against humanity. The destruction of Serbian property, removal by force, the detention and killing of the inhabitant in many cases appear to be known but little had been done to prove it. For example, by committing the crime against Serbs in Kravica and for other atrocities committed around the region, Naser Oric, a Bosnian Muslims, was convicted by the International Court Tribunal for failing to take measures to prevent the murder and cruel treatment of Serb prisoners.  [19]  As for the Croat atrocities, the terrifying violence perpetrated against the Serbian populations in Krajina after its recapture by the Croatian HVO organization led by Mladen Markac in August 1995 will not be easily forgotten.  [20]   Many of the abuses attributed to Serbian perpetrators have long followed a recognizable pattern that has come to be known as ethnic cleansing.  [21]  The primary aim of Serbian forces is to capture or gaining complete control of the whole territory and forcibly removing or killing non-Serbs the area. In most Serbian-held territories of Bosnia, pattern of abuses against non-Serbs were very clear and the method of abuses including rounding up the inhabitant, detaining in the concentration camp or just simply killing the civilian taken. Even though much of the abuses committed by the Serbs were done in group, there were such abuses were been done by individual soldiers or single military, policemen and home guard  [22]  . The nature of the abuses, and the pattern and frequency which take place indicates that there was no command from the superior to stop the abuses. The patterns of behaviour of the perpetrators during the conflict were obvious when the tension escalated during the war. During the conflict, behavioural patterns among ordinary soldiers indicated patterns of racial hatred and prejudiced, manifested both in their actions against their victims and their feelings towards each other. The decision to utilize a large number of perpetrators may also be influenced by certain political objectives. Those who initiate genocide may seek to gain support for their actions by allowing elements of society to satisfy their passions and greed at the expense of the victims.  [23]  By plunging large numbers of the population into murder, the forces encouraging the mass killing may more tightly bind the perpetrators to the regime. The perpetrators have emphasised on collectivistic value that make group membership central to personal identity. Such regimes have been particularly adept at using such collectivistic values to highlight boundaries between in-groups and out-groups by making extreme categorical judgements based on the polar opposites of good us versus bad them.  [24]  They have set in their mind that their cause is sacred; while the enemies are evil, they themselves as righteous, innocent or victimized; and others are wicked, guilty, and the victimisers. It is clear in this conflict that the Serbs always portrayed themselves as the victim of the evil regime of Ustasha that murdered hundreds of thousands of Serbs during World War II.  [25]   There were varieties of practices used by the perpetrators to make their reprehensible conducts acceptable and to distance them from the moral implications of their actions. For instance, there is a moral justification in which mass murder is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it as serving socially worthy or moral purposes. Perpetrators may believe this rationalisation to such an extent that their evil is not only morally justifiable, but became a moral one.  [26]  Perpetrators can then justify their evil as essential to their own self-defence, in order to protect the cherished values of their community, fight ruthless oppressors, preserve peace and stability, save humanity from subjugation, or honour their national commitments. Moral disengagement is also facilitated by the dehumanisation of the victims.  [27]  By doing this, perpetrators categorized a group as inhuman when the target group can be readily identified as a separate category of people belonging to a different race, ethnic, religious or political group that the perpetrators regard as inferior or threatening. These isolated groups are stigmatised as subhuman and memories of their past misdeeds, real or imaginary, are activated by the dominant group. The dehumanisation of victims helps perpetrators to justify their aggressive, sadist and brutal behaviour. A common form of dehumanisation is the use of language to redefine the victims so they will be seen as warranting the aggression. The moral disengagement of the perpetrators is complemented by a vulgarity of language that dehumanises the victims. Consistently, perpetrators dehumanised their victims that the words themselves become substitutes for perceiving human beings. For example, in most cases, Serbs described the Muslims in derogatory term as Balijas'(dirty), Turkish yoke, uncultivated and wild dog.  [28]   One of the shocking elements in this conflict was that many of the violence and abuses were perpetrated by their own neighbours. Violence against neighbour emerges as a major theme in numerous accounts of war and ethnic cleansing in Bosnia, amidst cordial and amicable relations between Bosnian Muslims, Serbs and Croats. Before the conflict, ethnic relations in Yugoslavia is at satisfactory level, and many recall friendly and warm relations between neighbours, colleagues, or acquaintances of different ethnic or religious identities. Even once war began, many recognized that people of different ethnic or religious identity were not necessarily their enemies, and they believe that they can still get along together throughout the war.  [29]   At a glance, Serbs, Croats and Muslims saw each other as acquaintances, colleagues, neighbours, friends, and sometimes even relatives. However, deep in reality, they identified others as members of groups marked by history as enemies. These groups did not intend to make war, but there was an underlying latent and long lasting anger. This deep hatred were told by a Serb employee in the American Consulate to the American diplomat about his real feeling on Croat sometimes when he looked into their eyes, he could not help recalling the blood that stained the hands of those responsible for the slaughter of Serbs during the Second World War  [30]  . The War in Bosnia developed into a nightmare for the different ethnic groups, which had lived there in relative peace since the end of the Second World War. The peace was not meant for last forever, as ethnic leaders had created an atmosphere of mutual fear and hatred that led to three and a half years of conflict and terror  [31]  . Many survivors of ethnic cleansing during the conflict have told a series of attacks by their former neighbours. Rezak Huzanovic, a former detainee in Omarska camp, writes in his memoir about his Serbian neighbour who joined in the killing and torture. They were our neighbours and then they burnt our houses. At Prijedor, local Serbs joined in murders and ethnic cleansing.  [32]  Refugees repeatedly told about series of attacks by friends or neighbours they knew well. In Foca in Southern Bosnia, one woman told about her Serbian neighbour showed up in her family home late night with machine gun and detained his husband. In fact, we had coffee with him a day before.  [33]   Multiple similar accounts both at the time of ethnic cleansing and afterwards make clear the strong grassroots element to ethnic cleansing and violence which were carried out in various parts of Bosnia. It is true that neighbours did not carry out ethnic cleansing alone. Witnesses, reporters, and investigators working for human rights group also made clear how paramilitary forces and militia swept through many Bosnian communities, carrying out violent act and killing, and the fighters in these forces included teenagers, peasants, locals who had also grown up in this multiethnic Yugoslavia pledged to the concept of brotherhood and unity.  [34]   A point to note that the same neighbour of everyday life can mutate into an enemy when seen as a figure in a long-term historical narrative of nationalist struggle. Accounts of close relations between neighbours typically recall scenes of everyday life, of individuals as friends, classmates, and colleagues. Stories of ethnic rivalry, on the other hand, present narratives in which the same individuals function as members of enemy nations. This same paradox of a friendly neighbour who kills can be described with the concept of cognitive frames or a mental structure which situates and connects events, people and groups into a meaningful narrative.  [35]   Apart from that, a particular structure of nationalism plays a key role in generating ethnic cleansing in Bosnia. As an ideology of ethnic cleansing, nationalism is more a story than simply a form of identity. Within national narratives, the nation as an entity is viewed as the real protagonist. National narratives tend to be similar in their structure; they present their hero, the nation, as unique in suffering; and they depict the national narratives of rival nations as valid.  [36]   Concerning the perpetrators motives, they emphasized of betrayal and victimization that links to national narratives. Stories of national struggle recount attacks and even treason by other nations. These stories display hatred of the enemies of the ethnic groups, and for this reason they can be described as national hate narratives.  [37]  The nations enemies are inherently and irredeemably bad, and for this reason the problems created by the hated group can be resolved by its removal, disappearance, or destruction. For Serbs, they were being indoctrinated as the victims of the Ustasha and Muslim atrocities during the Second World War. They saw other ethnic groups as a real threat, and in order to ensure that the history would not happened again, and to ensure their own survival, they collectively eliminate the threat by killing others  [38]  . The Bosnian conflict brought the practice of killing based on ethnicity suggests that these violations were not random acts carried out by a few dissident soldiers. This policy has been masterminded by Serbian political and military leaders which is being systematically planned and strategically executed with the support of the Serbian and Bosnian Serb armies and paramilitary groups to create a Greater Serbia which will resulted in a religiously, culturally, and linguistically homogenous Serbian nation.  [39]   Some scholars, politician and commentators were quick to point out that the war was caused by the ancient hatreds that the various ethnic groups bore toward one another.  [40]  This is inaccurate, because the multi ethnic groups of former Yugoslavia did not coexist in ancient times at all; they were only joined together after the creation of the Yugoslav in 1918. Contrary to some world leaders, commentators and scholars claims that this ancient hatreds stemming from a long history of conflict and ethnic cleansing in the Balkans were responsible for the conflict  [41]  , the reality, however was different. Rather than ancient hatreds, the conflict in Bosnia reflected a combination of various factors. The term ancient ethnic hatreds were manipulated by opportunist during the break-up of Yugoslavia, exploited and revitalized by ethnic group leaders such as Slobodan Milosevic in Serbia, Radovan Karadzic in Bosnia and Franjo Tudjman in Croatia as their hold on power slipped. Each of them felt that the idea of establishing an ethnically pure state would contribute of the expansion of their political power and to strengthen their position as a leader of each nation.  [42]   A generation of historians and social scientists has come out with the idea that the factors of ancient hatreds had broken apart Yugoslavia. In some cases, the discussions of ancient hatred made actual violence inevitable, but the key episodes in narratives of national victimization were already well known before the Titos death, and these episodes came from many periods and places rather from any one region such as Bosnia. For Serbs, the key events of ancient hatred depicted in a narrative of national struggle and victimization included the Battle of Kosovo of 1389, the First World War, and Serbs mass killing by Usthasa and the Partisan in the Second World War in Bosnia. The war in Bosnia cannot be explained by theories of inevitable ethnic hatreds, even when such explanations conveniently excuse outsiders from the responsibilities of intervening. Previously, there were several racial and historical disputes in the former Yugoslavia but it was put down wisely by Tito. The rhetoric of national interest became increasingly nationalist in the sense of defining one group and its goals in opposition to another.  [43]   The sentiment of being oppressed where clearly documented in Memorandum of the Serbian Academy Arts and Sciences which was a draft published by Serbian intellectual and scholars in 1986. This memorandum became controversial because it underlined the discrimination of the Serbs in Yugoslavia and had claim that Serbs were inferior to other ethnic groups in the Republic of Yugoslavia. This seventy four page memorandum, which became a bible for Serb nationalist, incited nationalism among Serbs in Yugoslavia. Serbs claimed that Titos policies had discriminated Serbia and also weakened Serbia politically and economically in the Republic. Serbs, especially nationalists, inspired by the memorandum, argued that the time had come for all Serbs to restore their national pride by becoming the dominant ethnic groups in Yugoslavia.  [44]   Apart from eliminating the real threat of the enemy, the perpetrators also wanted to spread terror among the enemies in order to show their dominance and authorization. To show their supremacy, mass rape and other forms of sexual violence were conducted as an act of dehumanizing the ethnic rivals.   When committed on a mass scale and in certain patterns, such as in front of family members or in public, sexual violence can communicate an intent to destroy the group, or the very foundation of a particular group, and this is particularly true perhaps in social, cultural and religious communities where acts of sexual violence not only shame and humiliate the victim, but also tear the core foundation of that community.  [45]  It appears that when committed on a mass scale and in certain patterns, sexual and gender-based violence may have communicative value and as such may have something to say about the intention of the perpetrator. The systematic rape of women from other ethnic gr oups was purposely designed to reach the very foundations of the group.   The main motive of systematic rape is to show the more powerful ethnic groups to demoralize the others through terror and humiliation. Rape and sexual assault on women were common during all stages of the conflict and occurred on all sides, but a lengthy report compiled by United Nation Commission of Experts had found extensive evidence of Bosnian Serbs sexual assault on Muslim women. Mass and systematic rape took place often in a detention camp and in all, UN Commission compiled reports of mass rape cases from fifty seven different location in Bosnia.  [46]   Sexual violence perpetrated against Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian Croat women during the Bosnian conflict was intimately tied to the process of destruction of their ethnic group. The mass scale, the extremely public and humiliating nature of the rapes and the systematic nature in which they were committed, clearly shows the violation of the core foundation of the group. This systematic rape were not only destroying womens capacity to reproduce, but some rapes also resulted in what both victim and perpetrator considered to be children of a new ethnicity.   In patriarchal societies such as in the Balkans, the perpetrators of rape knew that the victim and her community would experience forced pregnancy as a way to transmit a new ethnic identity to the child.   Perpetrated on a systematic scale, this pattern provides persuasive evidence of intent to violate the very foundation of the group.  [47]   However, most above all, the motive of the perpetrators to commit such violent act was based on a belief or an ideology. Inflamed by the rhetoric of nationalism sentiment of their leaders, the perpetrators of such violence are usually clear about their objectives to established a pure single ethnic nation and anxious to exclude non-nationals and potentially disloyal minorities. The intention of the force removal of different ethnic population is very clear, which is to benefit the more powerful groups or ethnic in order to establish a single ethnic nation. Despite removing others from their existing place, the roots of practice are more closely tied to ideology.  [

Pushkins The Queen of Spades Essay -- Pushkin Queen of Spades Essays

Pushkin's The Queen of Spades French connoisseurs already know Pushkin's The Queen of Spades in Mà ©rimà ©e's translation. It might appear impertinent to offer now a new version, and I do not doubt that the earlier one will appear more elegant than this one, which has no merit other than its scrupulous exactness. That is its justification. A preoccupation with explaining and rounding off induced Mà ©rimà ©e to blunt somewhat the crystalline peaks of the tale. We have resisted adding anything to Pushkin's clean and spare style, with its slender grace, which hums like a taut string. When Pushkin writes: Herman quivered like a tiger, Mà ©rimà ©e adds: ... lying in wait. When he has Lisaveta bend over a book, Mà ©rimà ©e says gracefully. This charming writer thus marks his own manner, and if some criticize his dryness it is clear here that the criticism is ill-founded, or, at least, that only by comparison with the lush style of the writers of his period can Mà ©rimà ©e's style seem so unadorned to us. The clarity of Pushkin, on the other hand, chafes him, and nothing shows that better than a study of this translation. Poets, Pushkin wrote, often sin by neglect of simplicity and truth; they pursue all manner of external effects. The pursuit of form sweeps them toward exaggeration and bombast. He criticized in Hugo, whom he admired, an absence of simplicity. Life is lacking in him, he wrote. In other words, truth is absent. The strangeness of most Russian writers, including the greatest among them, often baffles the French reader, and indeed, sometimes repels him; but I confess that it is the absence of strangeness in Pushkin that confounds me. Or at least what baffles me, is to see that Dostoevsky, that genius so prodigi... ...offers us geniuses like Shakespeare, Cervantes, Schiller. But show me, even one among them all, who possesses to the same degree as Pushkin the capacity for universal comprehension. And again: Pushkin was the only one among the poets who succeeded in assuming the soul of other poets. But according to Dostoevsky it is to his profoundly Russian character that Pushkin owes his universality, for the mission of each Russian is doubtless a universal mission. ... To become truly a Russian, he adds, to become completely Russianmeans to feel oneself brother to all men. The Queen of Spades, that brief masterpiece, offers us an excellent example of the admirable poetic qualities of Pushkin and his gift for self-effacement. Work Cited Gide, Andre. "Preface to The Queen of Spades." Reflections on Literature and Morality. New York: Meridian Books, 1959.

Leadership Impact Essay

This research paper is written on the Leadership styles and the impact they have on the workforce. My information is based on my direct observation while being employed in the U. S. Air Force. My paper will analyze Leadership styles by using two concepts from Robbins and Judge (2009). The two concepts I have chosen are Leader Behaviors (p. 397) and Vision Statement (p. 415). Leadership Behaviors Being in the military for the past nine years has giving me an opportunity to see many different leadership behaviors. Four leadership behaviors Robbins and Judge (2009) defined are directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented leaders (p. 397). The directive leader defines what is expected of the worker and schedules the work (p. 397). I feel that most people start off in with this leadership behavior until they grow as a leader. The supportive leader is concerned with the needs of their followers and interacts with them (p. 397). I have worked with many leaders that have used this behavior and it make them a popular leader, but can make it hard for them to get work done by some of their followers. I have seen were the workers take advantage of a leader because they feel more like a friend and not a boss. The participative leader takes the input of the follower and uses them before making a decision (p. 397). The Air Force leadership does use this behavior by using a yearly climate survey. The last leader behavior is the achievement-oriented leader. I feel that for the most part the behavior is the hardest to work for. This leadership style does not show much concern for the followers and does not take in their input. The leader is goal orientated and expects the followers to perform at their best to meet the goals (p. 97). Vision Statement A vision statement is a tool that leadership can use to tell why the organization exists (Kaplan & Norton, 2008). Most military units have a vision statement to motivate its members. My unit’s statement is Safety first, By the book, Then on time. Our vision statement put the safety of the workers first and the sets the attitude of how the work is to be done. Robbins and Judge (2009) state that a vision should be value centered (p. 415) and all the military units I have worked for have had a vision statement that puts it people first. I feel it can make it easier to work for someone if they value you. Conclusion Leaders may use any of the behavior styles talk about in the paper. Charismatic leaders will try to set a goal and good work environment for their workers (Fischer). The leaders of an organization will have to ensure they use the right behavior to motivate its workers. In Psalm 28:11 David asks to be taught the Lords way and be lead in a straight path. I think this is how a lot of employees feel and it is the job of the leaders to ensure they know what path the organization is going.

Pharmacia & Upjohn Case Study

Kayem Foods, Inc. Case Study Kayem Foods, Inc Buzz Marketing Al Fresco Chicken Sausage STRATEGIC ISSUES AND PROBLEMS Matt Monkiewicz is the director of marketing for Kayem Foods, Inc.. Mr. Monkiewicz was put under pressure to decide whether or not to us a buzz marketing plan for their Al Fresco chicken sausage brand, which would be implemented as part of their advertising campaign for 2006. The Al Fresco chicken sausage brand was able to capture a large portion of their target market, making them the number-one brand in its target market.The dilemma that Monkiewicz faces is whether or not the increase in sales were due to the buzz marketing campaign they implemented the previous year or if other advertising and promotional campaigns were the sole reason for the increase in sales. In order to make a decision, Monkiewicz must analyze all parts of the advertising and promotional campaigns that they have previously used and decide which of these campaigns actually contributed to the sale s increase and which campaigns didn’t. KAYEM FOODS, INC. Kayem Foods, Inc. as been around for almost a 100 years and is located in Chelsea, Massachusetts. The company has historically made its fortune from selling fresh delicatessen meats, hot dogs, and sausage. Annual sales, from the fiscal year ending February 28, 2004, were approximately $140 million. The majority of their sales came from meat products that were sold under several brand names, with the majority of the meat products being that of hot dogs. They have several brand names for which their products are sold and the most well-known brand is Kayem.There has been a continually rising market for sausage. Breakfast sausage has increased by 2 percent and dinner sausage has increased by 4 percent in 2003. This is why Kayem Foods, Inc. is desperately working to find a way to capture this rapidly growing market. Kayem Foods director of marketing, Matt Monkiewicz, feels that in order to adequately capture a significant po rtion of the market they must be willing to think outside the box and possibly implement non-traditional styles of advertising. Buzz marketing does exactly what Mr.Mankiewicz is looking for in his advertising campaign, which that they have used in the previous year and it has made them the number one-selling brand of chicken sausage, however, not all of the sales force at Kayem believes this increase in sales were due to Buzz marketing. Although Kayem has been able to substantially increase the sales of Al Fresco, they still have a lot of concerns pertaining to their profit margins. In the recent years supermarkets have been able to gain industry power, when it comes to dealing with manufacturers that supply them with products.The supermarkets now demand larger discounts and coupons for their customers. There is also a force keeping prices down due to the tense competition within the industry. In the past two years Kayem’s private label activity has been operating at break-ev en and co-packs have been operating below break-even. Obviously Kayem is in business to make money and not operate at break-even. They must use an aggressive advertising technique to get their profit margin back up. INSIGHTS TO BUZZ MARKETING You can sum up the definition of Buzz marketing in just 3 words,† word of mouth. Many companies have found this advertising approach to be very profitable and appealing to their bottom line. In today’s market, especially due to the rise of social networking, many companies depend on their current customers to help spread the word of their products. Buzz marketing helps companies build brand loyalty and awareness by building a personal relationship with their consumers. Many times consumers can be more easily persuaded towards purchasing a product when it is recommended from someone they know or trust and Buzz marketing does exactly that.Kayem Foods, Inc. previously used a company called Bzz Agent to implement their Buzz marketing c ampaign. Bzz Agent currently had 60,000 agents and these agents volunteered to try the products and then would use word of mouth techniques to get these products in the hands of their friends, acquaintances, and possibly strangers. Most of the Buzz agents actually enjoyed testing new products and then talking about them to their friends, they felt some type of satisfaction for being one of the â€Å"firsts† to discover the product.Bzz Agent also found that most of their agents advertised their products in all of the social networking settings, which also helps spread the word of the products. In recent years, marketing managers have found that product endorsements were more credible when it came from a friend or acquaintance. PLAN OF ACTION Mr. Monkiewicz must decide on which advertising campaign Al Fresco will use for next year. He must decide if they will usual traditional advertising like: television, radio, magazines, and billboards.Another option for his campaign could b e Buzz marketing, which if he decided to use he must develop a better way to track the increase in sales that come from Buzz marketing. He may also decide to implement more than one style of advertising and possibly combine the different approaches together, however, Monkiewicz has only been granted a marketing budget of $185,000 so he must be fully aware of his choices. Some of his choices may also not be feasible because of their high cost. Since Monkiewicz was only allowed $185,000 for advertising campaign, he will not be able to choose the more expensive advertising options like television.What he felt appropriate options for his advertising campaign were Buzz marketing, magazines, and price-off coupons. Based off of the chart above, Better Homes and Gardens magazine will also not be an option. He is left with Buzz marketing, trade marketing, food and wine magazine, cooking light magazine, and price-off coupons. RECOMMENDED AL FRESCO MARKETING STRATEGY The efficiency of buzz mar keting is undeniable, penetrating social networks and building personal relationships with consumers. With that being said, Matt Monkiewicz should choose to implement the Buzz marketing strategy for their advertising campaign.It is also a cheap option that has multiple benefits. In order to track the success of their Buzz marketing campaign he will just simply ask his Bzz agents to have the people they reach out to, for their product, fill out an online survey. This survey will ask questions like: will they continue to buy Al Fresco products, were they satisfied and if not, why? , and also if they were able to find their products at their local super market. Mr. Monkiewicz should combine his Buzz campaign with Trade marketing, with the combination of these two approaches he will surely get the word out there and it will help to build brand awareness.He can also use the remaining, [$185,000 – ($75,000+$80,000) = $30,000], $30,000 for price-off coupons, which will further help to expand their portion of the target market. TARGET MARKET Al Fresco should keep the same target market as before. Their target market should be women that range in age from 25 to 45 years old. This is the best suitable target market for their product, considering that this is the most health conscious market out there. What Al Fresco should do, however, is use their advertising efforts to capture a larger portion of this market. MARKETING MIXProduct Strategy – Al Fresco should keep their product of chicken sausage and their current flavors. Price Strategy – One thing that Al Fresco must do is not discount their products as much. We know that the sales force for Al Fresco thought the primary reason for becoming the number one selling product of chicken sausages was because of constant discounts they were giving away to the supermarkets. If Al Fresco can cut down on their discounts and they can continue to capture the majority of the market then they will be able to se e how effective their Buzz marketing campaign was.Distribution Strategy – The current distribution strategy implemented by Al Fresco has proven to be successful so they should continue to use the same strategy, â€Å"If it’s not broken, don’t fix it. † Advertising and Promotion Strategy – Al Fresco will use the combination of trade marketing, price-off coupons, and Buzz marketing for their advertising campaign. If they can effectively implement these low cost advertising approaches then they should be able to gain back some of their profit margin that they have been so concerned about in the past couple years.

Difference between active and passive forms Essay

Difference between active and passive forms Introduction Active forms            Inactive forms of the sentence, the doer or the thing that is doing the action is the subject of the sentence while the one that is receiving the action is the subject of the sentence. Most of the sentences in the real world are in the active forms. It is always in the form; (Action Doer or the subject)+(Verb)+( The action receiver or the object) Example John wrote the essay Here; John is the subject, wrote is the verb and essay is the object. Passive Form            In the passive form, the things that are doing the action are the subject of the sentences while the thing that is doing the action is the object and it is placed at the end of the sentence after the word â€Å"by†. The passive form is always used when one thinks that the object or the receiver of the action is to be emphasized or is deemed to be more important. This form is also used to exercise courtesy where one doesn’t want to mention the action’s doer or the doer of the action is not known. It is always in the form; (Action receiver)+(past participle of the verb in question)+(by)+(action doer) Example The essay was written by john Essay is the action receiver, written is the past participle of wrote, by precedes the doer, John References Courtland L. Bovee& John V. Thill, July 21, 2013. Business Communication Today (12th Edition. Source document

Multinational Companies and Global Human Resource Strategies Coursework

Multinational Companies and Global Human Resource Strategies - Coursework Example The expansion into new business environments across borders presents massive human resource challenges as a business must ensure cultural and managerial opportunity but also consider the needs of the new market. Various international human resource management and staffing policies have been developed to ensure that the internationalization and expansion programs are not affected. Coke Mexico has embraced a number of international staffing policies most of which were adopted from the pioneer years of their entry into the Mexican market. At coke Mexico, a mixture of different international staffing policies has been adopted to ensure smooth operation of the company and continuity of its culture and business practices. Such staffing policies include ethnocentric, polycentric, geocentric and regiocentric staffing approach all of which are governed by different principles. This paper will evaluate some of the staffing strategies that coke Mexico has adopted over the years and also review some of the available policies that it can be adapted to ensure continuity and smooth operations. The paper will also provide recommendations on the order of strategic preferences that the company can adapt based on the Mexican situation and business environment. The world has witnessed rapid internationalization and globalization over the last decade and this has been attributed to the search for new markets and global influence. The expansion of a business entity beyond the domestic boundary while maintaining the commitment to the local market calls for the adoption of complex business structures and strategies (Cooke, 2003). The effective management of human resources is one common determinant of internationalization success and the integration of foreign cultures into the operations of the  business.

The School of Journalism and Mass Communication Essay

The School of Journalism and Mass Communication - Essay Example Yet, what we communicate is even more important than how we communicate. The School of Journalism and Mass Communication would give me the deeper knowledge I require to pursue a career in Public Relations and Event Planning. My obligation to the field is to bring a solid foundation rooted in the many issues I will face in tomorrow's world of Journalism and Mass Communication. I have long aspired to work in the field of communications. During the last two years I have worked as an event planner, helping the staff promote and produce events for our clients. This exposure has worked to heighten my dedication to pursue this area as I have found it fascinating as well as enjoyable. I have gotten great self-satisfaction working with people as we crafted the messages and images required to produce a successful event. This experience has taught me the importance of the details that can only be acquired through a continued and quality education. It is the many facets of communication that I hope to gain from the School of Journalism and Mass Communication. My previous studies have focused on my eventual attendance in the higher level courses of communications. I have always strived to maintain a high level of academic success and in the fall of 2005 I was recognized by John Cabot University for this achievement.

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Summary - Essay Example Firstly there is a task of Ubiquitous computing. This is creating software to allow machines of all sizes to communicate with each other across vast networks. Secondly they need to ensure net sourcing. This involves architecting simple and sophisticated applications that benefit targeted end-user markets worldwide. Then there is the challenge of open source. There has to be a distribution of source code for computing applications so customers can make local modifications easily and reliably. Lastly the coming of a new economy is also a challenge. Engineers have to build applications that facilitate mass communication and mass product distribution using evolving concepts. Plan to build high quality software products is a software process. Software processes adapted to the needs of software engineers and managers, as we undertake the development of software. Process software provides a framework of governance within the Authority who can easily get out of control. Different projects re quire different software processes. Software engineer working products (software, documentation, data) produced a result of the activities defined in the software process. The best indicators of proper functioning of the software process have worked in the timeliness of quality and long-term viability as a result of the software product.

Improving the Use of Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Improving the Use of Medicine - Essay Example The publication about this campaign was first reported in the Health Department report titled â€Å"Building a Safer NHS for Patients: Improving medication safety†Ã‚   (National Patient Safety Agency, 2004). Afterwards in 2006 the Health department of UK reviewed the patient safety-first policies. This was after they launched the first movement towards creating awareness and emphasizing on patient safety. However, this process was not an easy journey as the department experienced several challenges on the way while trying to deliver and implement this awareness. Consequently, the outcome of the first movement is what led to the recommendation to come up with a campaign for England’s NHS   (National Patient Safety Agency, 2011). A campaign was, therefore, devised that would support and promote the implementation of interventions. The interventions were to develop the welfare of patient care and consecutively contribute towards strategizing and providing Patient Safety First initiative (National Patient Safety Agency, 2009a). In 2007, a team known as the Safe Medication Practice at The National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) produced a report on a campaign that seeks to improve the use of medications in the NHS. The campaign dubbed Safety in Doses seeks wrote a report that entailed detailed information on usage and incidents of medication. The report seeks to educate medical field, and those related to the medical field on important facts about medication incidents from various departments and show these incidents can be avoided. This paper will look at the main aims of the campaign and its effect on the distribution of patient care by NHS. AIM: The main aim of Safety in Doses initiative was to identify the weaknesses that arise in current medication practice. In the process, there is need to come up with ways in which healthcare staff and organizations

Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Planning Models Comparison Coursework

Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Planning Models Comparison - Coursework Example irst model is the Seven Tiers recovery model that was developed by IBM in 1992 defining various methods important computer systems (Quintero etal., 2013). The model has seven levels in which data can be recovered with varying levels of success. The progression of the tiers from 1-7 is characterized by reduced recovery time and increasing chances of data recovery (Carstensen, Morgenthal & Golden, 2012). The second one is the Security Stack four-layer model that offers ways to comprehensively respond to an incident. The first layer deals in disaster recovery, the 2nd layer on business continuity, the 3rd on situation awareness and the last layer is on Government Policy and National Incident Management (Mikulsky & Carroll, 2011). This model reduces the tendency of business continuity and business recovery plans fragmentation which reduce their effectiveness in event of a disruption (Troppens, 2009). The 7 Tier and the Security Stack model bear similarities in that the progression in the levels ensures minimal data loss and reduces the time required for business recovery and continuity. In addition, they both offer different levels which can help improve the data recovery success. Lastly, they provide a multi-level approach that enhances business recovery and continuity (Snedaker, 2007). Carstensen, J., Morgenthal, J. P., & Golden, B. (2012).  Cloud Computing: Assessing the Risks. Ely: IT Governance Publishing. Retrieved from: http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=PORgAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Carstensen,+J.,+Morgenthal,+J.+P.,+%26+Golden,+B.+(2012).+Cloud+Computing:+Assessing+the+Risks.+Ely:+IT+Governance+Publishing&hl=en&sa=X&ei=s5e_U9fDIOLT7AaHv4D4AQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Mikulsky, D. & Carroll, T. (2011, June). The Security Stack for Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery. CSC. Retrieved from: http://www.csc.com/cybersecurity/insights/67598 the_security_stack_for_business_continuity_and_disaster_recovery Quintero, D., & International Business

The Two Burials In Beowulf Essay Example for Free

The Two Burials In Beowulf Essay The focal point of this essay is to present a clear and original argument in relation to the two burials that begin and end Beowulf. Scyld ScÄ“fing’s burial at sea in lines 24-46, and Beowulf`s burial in lines 2755-2796. It would be evaluated and analyzed the difference of these two funerals and probable reasons behind the difference and the details of two methods of burial that depict about the two men and about their cultures. However, it would also be ascertained whether these differences are just aspects of two different cultures of the basically same landscape but modified over a huge period of time frame. The journey undertaken by Beowulf is not only personal journey of self-discovery, but journey that establishes the values of the culture. While the personal adventure and situations are unique, the travels of Beowulf are representative of each human’s quest to find meaning and purpose in life. As epics of the oral tradition, Beowulf did not appear in writing until many years after the stories originated. Through the many retellings of the tale, probably changed significantly over time; however, the essences of the society and the culture have survived. In many ways, Beowulf is not only epic and myth from their time period, but also serves as historiographies of the society and culture of the time and the funeral ceremonies depicted in the epic, first the incident of Scyld ScÄ“fing`s burial at sea and then the narrative of Beowulf`s burial, are enlightening enough for understanding the nature of customs and funeral rituals. (Lamb, 378, 2-4) At the time of the earliest telling of Beowulf, the people were pagans. With the acceptance of Christianity, â€Å"God† provided the people of Beowulf’s time with an explanation for good and evil and an afterlife for the souls of those who followed God. As Breizmann points out that later generations attempted to incorporate their Christian beliefs, the text â€Å"abounds with inserted narratives† (Breizmann 1030). When Grendel terrorizes the mead hall, the explanation is that, â€Å"He was spawned in that slime, /Conceived by a pair of those monsters born/ Of Cain† (104-106). This Christian theme reappears several times in the epic, and when Beowulf is dying, he says, â€Å"I can die, here,/ Knowing the Lord of all life has never/Watched me wash my sword in blood/Born of my own family† (274-43). . Because he has been good and has served his god and his people, when Beowulf dies, â€Å"Almighty God Himself, was moved, / To let him enter† (3056-7). This influence alone drifted initial purity of the epic from its initial cultural originality. The funeral of Scyld ScÄ“fing appears to be more concerning the original ritualistic rites of the actual time when the epic was composed. In Scyld ScÄ“fing’s case it was found that the rituals includes placing various arms and armors with other valuables with the dead and drifting the body in the sea on a boat or burn it. In this case, the boat was drifted away. This is specifically a Scandinavian ritual and was well in practice when the epic was conceptualized. We can find this funeral rite in lines 24-46 of the epic. The text reads. â€Å"His people carried him to the sea, / which was his last request. / In the harbor stood / a well-built ship, / icy but ready for the sea./ They laid Shield there, / propped him against the mast / surrounded by gold / and treasure from distant lands./ Ive never heard / of a more beautiful ship, /filled with shields, swords, /and coats of mail, gifts / to him for his long trip.† (Naik, ed. 182-183) this is in stark contrast with the funeral rites of Beowulf. Here we find that â€Å"Wiglaf ordered / the brave warriors / to carry wood / from far and wide / to the funeral pyre / for the great leader†¦. There they laid / the famous prince / and lamented / that beloved lord. / Warriors then built / the greatest of fires. / Wood-smoke ascended, / dark black over the flames.† (Naik, ed. 294) This form of funeral is basically aligned with the Roman concept of ritual ceremony that the Christian community initially took and implemented in this epic. Thus it is obvious that this part was changed and incorporated in a much latter stage. (Lamb, 379, 5) While the rituals and adventures of Beowulf are pleasant tales of quests, the real value of the epic is the glimpse they provide of ancient cultures and peoples. In addition, Beowulf is links between the past and the present and between the values all cultures seem to share. Although the cultural and historical contexts change, certain human truths do not, and in the end, like Beowulf, all men leave their earthly existences, perhaps with the hopes that the myths they leave behind will provide lessons for those who come after them. This is more aligned to the Christian learning than ancient pagan thought process. These incorporations result in the intermingled format of affairs in terms of cultural identifications. (Lamb, 380, 1-3) Thus in the ultimate conclusion it can be well ascertained that the influence of different culture and religion affected the original epic with various additions making it juxtaposed within the different cultural aspects spread over a huge time period. The funerals depicted in the epic are just result of these changes and thus it is unable to tell us anything specific on the topic of funeral rituals during the era when this epic was composed initially. References: Breizmann, Natalia. â€Å"Beowulf as Romance: Literary Interpretations as Quest.† MLN 113.5; (1998): 1022-1035; JSTOR; Retrieved on 23 February 2007 http://www.jstor.org Naik, S; The legends of the North: A compilation of ancient epics; National Book Trust; 2006 Lamb, Davis; Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata; National Book Trust. 2004